The technique exploits the basepairing interactions between singlestranded dna molecules of known sequence to generate intricate threedimensional nanostructures with predefined. Dna nanostructures do not appear in themselves to have good properties as electrical conduits or devices 3. It is well known that dna nanostructures can be reconfigured by stranddisplacement reactions. In this thesis, i describe the development of programmable selfassembly and reconfiguration of dna origami nanostructures based on a unique strategy. The first step toward dnabased nanotechnology is to attach dna molecules to surfaces. Pathway complexity in fueldriven dna nanostructures with autonomous reconfiguration of multiple dynamic steady states.
Supplementary information file remote electronic control. Lighting up dnabased nanostructures nanowerk news the term dna origami refers to a method for the design and selfassembly of complex molecular structures with nanometer precision. Get article recommendations from acs based on references in your mendeley library. One target is to create tailored bottomup based plasmonic devices and metamaterials based on dna metallization or controlled attachment of nanoparticles to the dna designs. The precise and predictable basepairing rules of dna provide a high programmable approach to selfassemble metal nanoparticles to form welldefined plasmonic nanostructures, in which dna molecules or nanostructures function as specific linkers. The emphasis will be on the operation of toeholds, singlestranded sections of dna that facilitate the process of strand removal during certain points in the. Apr 09, 2019 plant bioengineering will be necessary to sustain plant biology and agriculture, where the delivery of biomolecules such as dna, rna, or proteins to plant cells is at the crux of plant biotechnology. One of the challenges, though, has been the development of universal methods for patterning protein complexes on dna nanostructures. In order to maximize specificity of the different strands, sequences were optimized using the webbased dna analysis tool nupack. Crossover junctions can lead to a big diversity of nanostructures based.
In the rst \chickenwire subsection, you will make a new pdb le based on atomistic topology and coordinate les using a perl script, then render an. Controlling aggregation of cholesterolmodified dna. Dic microscopybased images, we observed examples of one or two arrays bound to a single cell figure 3c,d, an array bridging two cells figure 3e, and free arrays figure 3b. Enhancing biocompatible stability of dna nanostructures. Prediction of 3d solution shape of nonlinear dnabased nanostructures. Dna hybridization has been used to power a number of dna based nanostructures constructed out of dna. Continuous monitoring of these molecules can provide an understanding of their physiological roles and elucidate the overlap between research and medicine. So far, the most widely used attachment scheme utilizes the covalent bond between sulfur and gold 17. Attachment of dna to surfaces the first step toward dna based nanotechnology is to attach dna molecules to surfaces. Because the toehold dna strand displacement process has been used to assemble dynamic and static dnabased nanostructures 25,37, it. Pathway complexity in fueldriven dna nanostructures with. Dna based selforganisation allows the assembly of nanodevices into larger structures. They have also demonstrated a functional dna based nanomechanical device using the property of bz transitions that occur in dna under different solution conditions.
Aptamertargeted dna nanostructures for therapeutic delivery. A molecular hero suit for in vitro and in vivo dna. Dna based nanomechanical devices1 nsf nirt grant 0103002 pis. In crossover junctions, dna duplexes are bound by two or more positions, fixing its relative orientations and reducing its movements fig. Dnabased nanostructures have been widely applied in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, molecular computation and macromolecular scaffolding. Nanoscale growth and patterning of inorganic oxides using. Here we report a robust and sensitive dna nanostructurebased electrochemical enanodna sensor that utilizes tetrahedral dna nanostructures tdns as an interfacial probe to detect biomolecules in a singlestep procedure. Dna nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field that enables highthroughput construction of dnabased submicronsize nanomachines with nanoscale accuracy. The technique exploits the basepairing interactions between singlestranded dna molecules of known sequence to generate intricate threedimensional.
Dna nanostructures coordinate gene silencing in mature. We compare the different attributes of the molecular suit with modifications of dna nanostructures that aid in translating labbased research into a clinical setting. Quantitative prediction of 3d solution shape and flexibility. Idt, purified by standard desalting or page, and delivered at 100. Sensors for continuously monitoring in vivo require a combination of traits not seen in samplebased sensors including small size. Biological molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid dna have shown great potential in fabrication and construction of nanostructures and. First, we developed a fluorescent nanosensor for neurotransmitters as a target for small molecules utilizing a dendrimer scaffold that organizes a hierarchy of sensing. These are typically 2d nanostructures based on the 7249base, singlestrand m bacteriophage genome that is folded in a programmed and precise manner by means of about two hundred speci. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Formation of conductive dnabased nanowires via conjugation of dsdna with cationic peptide. Sequencespecific recognition of dna nanostructures. Dna nanostructure based nanofabrication feng zhou, phd university of pittsburgh, 2015. Spheres correspond to finite element nodes used to describe the position and orientation of dna basepairs, and lines represent finite element beams that model the stretching. Metallic nanostructures based on selfassembling dna templates for studying optical phenomena by mauricio pilopais department of physics duke university date.
Department of polymer chemistry, zernike institute for advanced materials, university of groningen, nijenborgh 4, 9747 ag groningen, the netherlands. Design of dna nanostructurebased interfacial probes for the electrochemical detection of nucleic acids directly in whole blood chao li, a xiaolu hu, a jianyang lu, a xiaoxia mao, c yang xiang, a yongqian shu b and genxi li ac. Some interesting and promising examples of using dnabased nanostructures as biosensors and gene delivery systems are also presented. Department of chemistry, university of pittsburgh, pittsburgh, pennsylvania, 15260, united. This method enabled to prepare uniform continuous g4dna nanostructures composed of four parallel gstrands. From the nanotechnology prospective, dna possess a number of attractive properties.
Using these simulation files, the users can follow from the sections 3. Chiroplasmonic dnabased nanostructures request pdf. Because the toehold dna strand displacement process has been used to assemble dynamic and static dnabased nanostructures 25,37, it would be in principle. Focus on dna nanostructures and selfassembly new journal. Dna origami, raman, sers, 4aminobenzenethiol d na origami is a product of a onepot reaction in which dna strands of speci. In this study, we report a facile clickbased strategy to incorporate a metal chelating ligand and a fluorescent tag into a threepointstar dna tile containing 2. A variety of strategies have been developed to functionalize these nanostructures.
Upon addition of increasingly longer ssdna overhangs, aggregation is gradually reduced, consistent with the page experiments. Oligolysinebased coating protects dna nanostructures from. Dna has emerged as a versatile building block for programmable selfassembly. Unmodified dna oligonucleotides were purchased from integrated dna technologies, inc. Design of dna nanostructurebased interfacial probes for. Using the afm based manipulation, we show that the normal force required to damage graphene encapsulated dna origami nanostructures is over an order of magnitude greater than for the unprotected ones. Spheres correspond to finite element nodes used to describe the position and orientation of dna basepairs, and lines represent finite element beams that model the stretching, twisting and bending mechanics of dna. The formation of dnabased nanostructures involves the binding of different kinds of ligands to dna as well as the interaction of dna molecules with each other. Here, we show that dna nanostructures can internalize into plant cells and deliver sirna to mature plant tissues without external aid. Design of dna nanostructurebased interfacial probes for the. Enhancing biocompatible stability of dna nanostructures using. Apr 24, 2018 lighting up dnabased nanostructures nanowerk news the term dna origami refers to a method for the design and selfassembly of complex molecular structures with nanometer precision.
Attachment of dna to surfaces the first step toward dnabased nanotechnology is to attach dna molecules to surfaces. Dna nanotechnology was first laid out by nadrian c seeman in the early 1980s in 1991, seemans laboratory published a report on the first synthetic cube made up of dna shrishaila cdgpb uasr 20. Patterning protein complexes on dna nanostructures using a. The formation of dna based nanostructures involves the binding of different kinds of ligands to dna as well as the interaction of dna molecules with each other. We compare the different attributes of the molecular suit with modifications of dna nanostructures that aid in translating lab based research into a clinical setting. Recent advances in novel dna guiding nanofabrication and. Researchers in the field have created static structures such as two and threedimensional crystal lattices, nanotubes. Recently, the yin lab developed a strategy to assemble dna nanostructures of different sizes and shapes using short, synthetic oligonucleotide strands. For use as drug delivery vehicles, scientists have functionalized dna nanostructures with a variety of features, the collection of which comprise the suit for dna nanostructures.
Surwade1, feng zhou1, bryan wei2,3, wei sun2,3, anna powell1, christina odonnell1, peng yin2,3, and haitao liu1 1. Surfaceenhanced raman scattering plasmonic enhancement. One target is to create tailored bottomupbased plasmonic devices and metamaterials based on dna metallization or. Biophysicists from ludwigmaximiliansuniversitaet lmu in munich have used a new variant of superresolution microscopy to visualize all the. We chose dna as the structural backbone for our platforms because it is a wellknown building construct, highly modifiable and selfassembles into precise nanostructures. Dna nanostructures have become an important and powerful tool for studying protein function over the last 5 years. Dna origami nanorobots for early cancer detection the goal of this research is to develop dnaorigamibased nanorobots, decorated with antibodies, aptamers and highbrightness nanoparticles, for cancer cell detection. A nanostructure is a structure of intermediate size between microscopic and molecular structures.
Surfaceenhanced raman scattering plasmonic enhancement using. Nanostructural detail is microstructure at nanoscale in describing nanostructures, it is necessary to differentiate between the number of dimensions in the volume of an object which are on the nanoscale. Apr 24, 2018 biophysicists from ludwigmaximiliansuniversitaet lmu in munich have used a new variant of superresolution microscopy to visualize all the strands of a dna based nanostructure for the first time. Dna 2d arraystemplated fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures. Customshaped metal nanostructures based on dna origami. Pdf dnabased plasmonic nanostructures researchgate. Dna origami nanorobots for early cancer detection the goal of this research is to develop dna origami based nanorobots, decorated with antibodies, aptamers and highbrightness nanoparticles, for cancer cell detection. Jan 10, 2016 dna nanotechnology was first laid out by nadrian c seeman in the early 1980s in 1991, seemans laboratory published a report on the first synthetic cube made up of dna shrishaila cdgpb uasr 20. They are the basis of structural dna nanotechnology. Each system is applicationspecific and must not only identify the target, but also transduce this interaction into a meaningful signal rapidly, reliably, and inexpensively. The dna origami technique provides an intriguing possibility to develop customized nanostructures for various bionanotechnological purposes. In this study, we have firstly demonstrated that the use of tdns can significantly su most impactful nanoscience articles.
These dna based vehicles possess a simple fabrication process while achieving controllable and uniform structures. Such a strategy opens up the possibility of functionalizing preassembled dna. Various dna based nanostructures, including nanostructures by dna itself, dna based assembly of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, dna functionalized nanowires, and nanotubes are described. In this field, nucleic acids are used as nonbiological engineering materials for nanotechnology rather than as the carriers of genetic information in living cells.
Recent advances in dna nanotechnology make it possible to fabricate arbitrarilyshaped 2d and 3d dna nanostructures through controlled folding andor hierarchical assembly of up to several thousands of unique sequenced dna strands. Complex formation between ligand and dna can alter physicochemical properties of the dna molecule. Chiroplasmonic properties of nanoparticles, organized using dna based nanostructures, have attracted both theoretical and experimental interest. Metallic nanostructures based on selfassembling dna. Over a thousand dnabased nanostructures have been reported, which employ a diverse range of architectures, and a variety of applications have been suggested for these designer complexes. Dna nanostructures dns can be programmed to fold into prescribed spatial configurations 1,2,3,4,5,6, functionalized site specifically with a. Nanotextured surfaces have one dimension on the nanoscale, i.
Mtl annual research report 2018 nanotechnology, nanostructures, nanomaterials 21 soft epitaxy in dnananoparticle thin films p. Dna nanotechnology is the design and manufacture of artificial nucleic acid structures for technological uses. Dnabased nanosensors for small molecules and proteins drs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nanostructure size, shape. Similar to the computeraided design cad of the realworld machines e. Plant bioengineering will be necessary to sustain plant biology and agriculture, where the delivery of biomolecules such as dna, rna, or proteins to plant cells is at the crux of plant biotechnology.
Dna nanostructures coordinate gene silencing in mature plants. Kostiainen 2 and jari jussi toppari 1, 1 nanoscience center, department of physics, university of jyvaskyla, p. They are based on the binding of dna duplexes by their complementary sequences. Dnabased selfassembly of chiral plasmonic nanostructures with tailored. Dna nanostructures were designed using the cadnano software.
We introduce pathway complexity on a multicomponent systems level in chemically fueled transient dna polymerization systems, achieving autonomous evolution over multiple structural dynamic steady states from monomers to dimers, oligomers of dimers, and randomized polymer structures before being ultimately degraded back to monomers once the fuel is consumed. Various dnabased nanostructures, including nanostructures by dna itself, dnabased assembly of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, dna functionalized nanowires, and nanotubes are described. Dna selfassembly is an increasingly reliable and powerful tool for the fabrication of nanostructures that can be employed to arrange molecules and nanoparticles with nanometre precision. Errorcorrection techniques for correct assembly and repair of dna selfassemblies are also discussed.
The arrangement of metal nanoparticles into spatially ordered structures is challenging, but dna based nanostructures have proven to be feasible building blocks in directing the higherordered. Dot bracket notation for rna and dna nanostructures slides by reem mokhtar. Dot bracket notation for rna and dna nanostructures. Gleb finkelstein, supervisor thomas labean harold baranger henry everitt nicholas buchler an abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements for. Dna hybridization has been used to power a number of dnabased nanostructures constructed out of dna. The basis of this enterprise is that it is possible to construct novel dnabased. Molecular dynamics simulations of selfassembled dna. An interesting application of this strategy was demonstrated by wei et al. Antibodypowered nucleic acid release using a dnabased. Prediction of 3d solution shape of nonlinear dna based nanostructures. Dna nanotechnology and its biological applications1 chapter of book.
The devices will have the capacity to carry therapeutic and. Electromagnetic signals are produced by aqueous nanostructures derived from bacterial dna sequences luc montagnier1. May 31, 2017 dna nanostructures dns can be programmed to fold into prescribed spatial configurations 1,2,3,4,5,6, functionalized site specifically with a wide variety of guests 7 and engineered to undergo. Dnabased nanostructures for molecular sensing nanoscale rsc. Feb 01, 2015 it is well known that dna nanostructures can be reconfigured by stranddisplacement reactions. In addition to their enhanced stability over the aptamers alone, dna nanostructures are e.
Dna based nanomechanical devices1 nsf nirt grant 0103002. The devices will have the capacity to carry therapeutic and biochemical lngerprinting technologies. Surfaceenhanced raman scattering plasmonic enhancement using dna origamibased complex metallic nanostructures m. Bioinspired and nanoscale integrated computing edited by mary eshaghian publisher. Some interesting and promising examples of using dna based nanostructures as biosensors and gene delivery systems are also presented. Dna nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field that enables highthroughput construction of dna based submicronsize nanomachines with nanoscale accuracy. Drug delivery systems based on nucleic acid nanostructures. The wh is a rodlike dna nanostructure as a drug carrier, whose trunk is a threedimensionally selfassembled dna nanoscale architecture from the programmed hybridization among two palindromic dna sequences in the xy dimension and two common dna oligonucleotides in the z direction, making the wh possess a high payload capacity of drugs. It can be employed as a protective layer for the enhancement of structural stability of dna origami nanostructures. Pdf nanotechnology has opened up new avenues towards ultrasensitive, highly selective detection of biological molecules and toxic agents, as well as. Precisionguided missilelike dna nanostructure containing. Biomolecules play an important role in homeostasis regulation of the body and disease progression. Dec 02, 2019 while dna nanostructures without cholesterol groups showed no aggregation, modification with four cholesterol tags led to significant clustering, with diameters of the aggregates exceeding nm figure figure5c.