Glomerulonephritis is a condition that affects the kidneys. Other terms you may hear used are nephritis and nephrotic syndrome. Pdf acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis in children. This is a higherpower photomicrograph of hyalinized glomeruli arrows and glomeruli with thick basement membranes. Inside each nephron is a tiny network of looping blood vessels called the glomerulus. Ppt glomerulonephritis powerpoint presentation free to. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis psgn is the archetype of acute gn. Poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis psagn is one of the most important and intriguing conditions in the discipline of pediatric nephrology. Apsgn affects primarily children of early school age, with onset peaking at ages 6 to 7 years, and the disease occurs twice as. About 50% of people have a flulike illness in the month before kidney failure develops. Glomerulonephritis kidney disease diseases and disorders. Acute glomerulonephritis not necessarily the infection that has made its way to the kidney. Pathogenesis and treatment of glomerulonephritis 109 figure 1.
The hyaline is an amorphous material, pink, homogenous, resulted from combination of plasma. Choose from 14 different sets of glomerulonephritis pathophysiology flashcards on quizlet. When inflamed these glomeruli allow passage of protein and blood into the urine. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Conclusion glomerulonephritis refers to a spectrum of aetiopathogenesis and varied clinical presentations following glomerular damage results from complex interplay of genetic, immunologic and environmental factors histologic difference abound depending mostly on aetiology may result in acute or chronic kidney disease. These complexes either have an idiopathic origin or develop in relation to infections hepatitis b virus, hiv, syphilis, malaria, autoimmune diseases, or pharmaceuticals.
Learn glomerulonephritis pathophysiology with free interactive flashcards. Jan 11, 2012 glomerulonephritis is is a kidney condition that involves damage inflammation to the glomeruli. Poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis in children. National institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney disorders office of communications and public liaison building 31, room 9a04 center drive, msc 2560 bethesda, md 208922560 phone. This can either be through an attack by your own immune system autoimmune, scarring or other damage.
Signs and symptoms may depend on the type and cause of the condition and may. One of a group of kidney diseases characterized by longterm inflammation and scarring of the glomeruli microscopic structures in the kidney that filter blood and produce urine. Jul 17, 2012 glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease in which there is inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filters that remove excess waste and fluids from the blood. Signs and symptoms may depend on the type and cause of the condition and may include blood in the. Jun 04, 2015 glomerulonephritis results from a variety of immune and inflammatory mechanisms. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Glomerulonephritis accounts for about 20% of the chronic kidney disease cases in most countries.
Most commonly, it occurs after a pneumococcal, streptococcal, or viral infection. Types of glomerulonephritis acute glomerulonephritis begins suddenly chronic glomerulonephritis develops gradually over several years. Apsgn affects primarily children of early school age, with onset peaking at ages 6 to 7 years, and the disease occurs twice as often in. Chronic glomerulonephritis can develop over a period of 1020 years and is most often associated with other systemic disease, including diabetes, malaria, hepatitis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. One scenario is a presentation of renal insufficiency that box 2. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. It appears that glomerular damage arises from immune events which result from an interaction between a susceptible individual and some environmental agents, usually an infection. Glomerulonephritis associated with nonstreptococcal infection. They each contain up to one million nephrons, the filtering units of the kidneys.
The pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis springerlink. End stage renal disease pathophysiology nclex duration. Clinical courses are variable, ranging from chance findings in asymptomatic patients eg, hypertension, proteinuria by dipstick, raised serum creatinine concentrations to massive weight gain and oedema in nephrotic syndrome to rapidly progressive renal failure with uraemia. When the kidney is injured, it cannot get rid of wastes and extra fluid in the body. This part of the kidney is responsible for the first step of filtering toxins from the body. It is characterized by body tissue swelling edema, high blood pressure, and the presence of red blood cells in the urine. Acute glomerulonephritis can be due to a primary renal disease or a systemic disease. Medcram medical lectures explained clearly 542,683 views. These filters, known as glomeruli, remove waste products from the blood. A third type of glomerulonephritis, rapidlyprogressive glomerulonephritis, is so nasty and fastacting that it doesnt really belong under either nephrotic or nephritic syndrome, so it gets its own category. Their pathology involves intraglomerular inflam mation and cellular. Nov 30, 2018 glomerulonephritis gn generally presents as a constellation of findings that include hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and often hypertension. When rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis develops, weakness, fatigue, and fever are the most frequent early symptoms. Although still considered the prototype of acute gn.
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis apsgn is an ancient. May 09, 2015 conclusion glomerulonephritis refers to a spectrum of aetiopathogenesis and varied clinical presentations following glomerular damage results from complex interplay of genetic, immunologic and environmental factors histologic difference abound depending mostly on aetiology may result in acute or chronic kidney disease. Differential diagnosis of glomerulonephritis poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis iga nephropathies iga nephropathy bergers disease henochsch onlein. The immune response causes inflammation of the glomeruli. Depending on the stage of the disease, they may present different degrees of hyalinization hyalinosclerosis total replacement of glomeruli and bowmanns space with hyaline. Pathogenesis of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis a. Glomerulonephritis is a serious illness that can stop your kidneys from functioning properly. Glomerulonephritis pathophysiology nurs 274 youtube.
Acute glomerulonephritis an adolescent with gn may present with signs and symptoms that require immediate intervention. Acute kidney injury acute renal failure explained clearly bun creatinine ratio duration. Chronic nephropathy secondary glomerulonephritis is associated with. Glomerulonephritis definition acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammatory disease of both kidneys predominantly affecting children from ages two to 12. Schematic overview of the mechanisms linking initial exposure to an etiologic agent in a genetically susceptible individual to an autoimmune response and glomerular tissue injury. The hallmark of glomerulonephritis is increased permeability of the glomerular barrier. Hereditable risk factors predispose certain individuals to respond to environmental. Dec 16, 2018 acute glomerulonephritis gn comprises a specific set of renal diseases in which an immunologic mechanism triggers inflammation and proliferation of glomerular tissue that can result in damage to the basement membrane, mesangium, or capillary endothelium. Glomerulonephritis is is a kidney condition that involves damage inflammation to the glomeruli. If the illness continues, the kidneys may stop working completely, resulting in kidney failure. Blantz rcwilson cbgabbai fb pathophysiology of acute glomerular injury. The classic association of glomerulonephritis gn with infection is poststreptococcal gn, usually developing after streptococcal pharyngitis see poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is a medical condition that causes relatively sudden swelling and inflammation of structures in the kidney known as glomeruli.
Glomerulonephritis kidney and urinary tract disorders. Gn is caused by a number of disorders that are all characterized by glomerular injury accompanied by inflammation. Pathogenesis and treatment of glomerulonephritisan update. Glomerulonephritis may be caused by problems with the bodys immune system. Proliferative glomerulonephritis is characterized by proliferation of the mesangial cells with an influx of inflammatory. Acute glomerulonephritis etiology and pathophysiology. Membranous nephropathy mn is a glomerular disease in which immune deposits of igg and complement components develop predominantly or exclusively beneath podocytes on the subepithelial surface of the glomerular capillary wall. Glomerulonephritis definition of glomerulonephritis by. Aug, 2018 chronic glomerulonephritis or chronic gn is a collection of kidney diseases in which the glomeruli, round clusters of capillaries found in the cortex of the kidney that function in removing waste to be excreted as urine, become progressively damaged with time. Nephritis glomerulonephritis page how do the kidneys work. Glomerulonephritis is a group of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation of the filtering units of the kidney called glomeruli.
Pathophysiology of disease 7th edition pdf free download. The prognosis for children with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is generally favorable. Damage to the glomeruli causes blood and protein to be lost in the. Pdf glomerulonephritis is an important cause of renal failure thought to be caused by autoimmune damage to the kidney. Page 5 of 30 complement levels c3, c4, and ch 50 serologic tests for hepatitis b and c aso titers and antidnase antibodies for psgn ana and antidsdna for sle mixed cryoglobulins for cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis or mpgn. The spectrum of glomerulonephritis tutoriallecture glomerulonephritis for patients they get more info than there is here. Glomerulonephritis is a group of diseases that injure the part of the kidney that filters blood called glomeruli. Youd want that if you had it what i tell my patients about glomerulonephritis pdf file from the british journal of renal medicine crescentic nephritis from edren. Acute glomerulonephritis etiology and pathophysiology is. Pdf an approach to the child with acute glomerulonephritis. Pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis linkedin slideshare. Membranous glomerulonephritis is an immune complexmediated glomerulonephritis, with the immune deposits localized to subepithelial aspects of almost all glomerular capillary walls. Although the eventual outcome is excellent in most cases, psagn remains an important cause of acute renal failure and hospitalization for children in both developed and underdeveloped areas.
This is a lowpower photomicrograph of a saggital section of end stage chronic glomerulonephritis gn. The question then is whether he has acute glomerulonephritis or an illness which closely resembles it. Glomerulonephritis is a renal disease in which immunemediated glomerular damage is the initiating factor. Glomerulonephritis gn is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases usually affecting both kidneys. In this part of the article, you will be able to access the pathophysiology of disease 7th edition pdf almost instantly using our direct links mentioned at the end of this article. An approach to the child with acute glomerulonephritis article pdf available in international journal of pediatrics 20125. Progress has been made in understanding glomerulonephritis but the answers to many key questions still elude us. Glomerulonephritis is a disorder of glomeruli clusters of microscopic blood vessels in the kidneys with small pores through which blood is filtered. Postinfectious glomerulonephritis gn presents as acute nephritic syndrome with low complement c3 in serum, commonly following streptococcal throat or skin. Pathogenesis and treatment of glomerulonephritisan update scielo. When symptoms and signs do appear, they typically include blood in the urine. Occasionally, however, a child thought to have acute glomerulonephritis does poorly.
Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and joint pain are also common. Postinfectious glomerulonephritis pign may occur in association with bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoal, and helminthic infections. Chronic nephropathy secondary glomerulonephritis is associated with systemic diseases. In order to ensure faster downloads and user safety, we have uploaded this. A simple summary of glomerulonephritis pathology student.
Often, the exact cause of glomerulonephritis is unknown. Glomerulonephritis is a group of diseases which result in injury to the glomerulus. It happens when tiny structures inside the kidney, called glomeruli, become diseased. This is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and is due to the formation of immune and complement complexes. Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease in which there is inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filters that remove excess waste and fluids from the blood.
Glomerulonephritis can be caused by various disorders, such as. As the name suggest, chronic glomerulonephritis is a longstanding condition. This can be caused by several conditions, but it is often caused by the immune system the bodys natural deference against infection and illness. It may be acute or chronic coming on gradually, and may occur on its own primary or be caused by another condition secondary. When the glomeruli are injured, they are not able to rid the body of waste materials and extra water.
Glomerulonephritis genetic and rare diseases information. Chronic glomerulonephritis is a kidney disorder caused by slow, cumulative damage and scarring, usually by inflammation, of the tiny blood filters in the kidneys. Independence mall west, philadelphia, pa 19106, usa. Glomerulonephritis an overview sciencedirect topics. This form of kidney disease usually develops slowly over years and may not produce symptoms at the outset. Apr 07, 2015 acute kidney injury acute renal failure explained clearly bun creatinine ratio duration. Comprehensive clinical nephrology fourth edition, 2010. Subacute rapidly confirmed into the kidneys progressive poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis or ig a 3. Acute glomerulonephritis pier is ed 2014 by the american college of physicians. Many of the diseases are characterised by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hence the name, but not all diseases necessarily have an inflammatory component as it is not strictly a single disease, its presentation depends on the specific. Glomerulonephritis gn generally presents as a constellation of findings that include hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and often hypertension. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis apsgn is the most common form.